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% Arduino (C++) script to calculate position of sun in the sky   %
% Peter Stallinga, February 2012                                 %
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void FloatToString(float f, char c[], int numdec){
  int i, j;
  unsigned char d;
  float rond;

  if (f<0){
    c[0]='-';
    c++;  // now isn't this an amazing coincidence?! C plus plus
    f = abs(f);
  }
  rond = 0.4999999999;
  for (j=0; j<numdec; j++) rond /= 10.0;
  f += rond;
  itoa((int) f, c, 10);
  f -= (int) f;
  while (*c!=0) c++;
  if (numdec>0){
    *c = '.';
    c++;
    for (j=0; j<numdec; j++){
      f = 10.0*f;
      d = (unsigned char) f;
      *c = d + '0';
      c++;
      f = f-d;
    }
   *c = 0; // terminate string
  }
}


void azialti(double y, double m, double d, double h, double mins,
             double north, double east, double *azi, double *alti){
/*****************************************************************
 *   Finds position of the sun in the sky: azimuth and altitude  *
 *   returned in variables azi and alti                          *
 *    azi: 0=South, -90=East, 90=West                            *
 *    alti: 0=horizon, 90=Zenith                                 *
 *   Input: y=year, m=month, d=day, h=hour, mins=minutes         *
 *          north=latitude, east=longitude (east=positive)       *
 *             unit: degrees:                                    *
 *****************************************************************/
  double L, xx, yy, a, g, t, epsilon, alpha, beta, lambda, theta0,
        delta, theta, tau, alt, az;
  double pi = 3.14159265358979323846;
 
  // PART I: Calculate Sun position in starmap
  // (based on http://www.stargazing.net/kepler/sun.html)
  h = h + mins/60.0;
  //1. Find the day:   
  d =  367 * y - floor(7 * (y +floor( (m + 9)/12))/ 4) + floor(275 * m / 9) + d - 730531.5 + h / 24;
  //2. Find the Mean Longitude (L) of the Sun
  L = 280.461 + 0.9856474 * d;
  while (L<0)
    L = L+360.0;      
  //3. Find the Mean anomaly (g) of the Sun
  g = 357.528 + 0.9856003 * d;
  //4. Find the ecliptic longitude (lambda) of the sun
  lambda = L + 1.915 * sin(g*pi/180.0) + 0.020 * sin(2*g*pi/180.0);
  //5. Find the obliquity of the ecliptic plane (epsilon)
  epsilon = 23.439 - 0.0000004 * d;
  //6. Find the Right Ascension (alpha) and Declination (delta) of  the Sun
  yy = cos(epsilon*pi/180.0) * sin(lambda*pi/180.0);
  xx = cos(lambda*pi/180.0);
  a = (180.0/pi)*atan(yy/xx);
  if (xx < 0)
    alpha = a + 180.0;
  else {
    if ((yy < 0.0) && (xx > 0.0))
      alpha = a + 360;
    else
      alpha = a;
  }
  delta = (180.0/pi)*asin(sin(epsilon*pi/180.0)*sin(lambda*pi/180.0));
  // PART II: Calculate of position in sky
  //compute Sidereal time at Greenwich:
  //(based on http://www.geoastro.de/elevaz/basics/)
  t = d/36525.0;
  theta0 = 280.46061837 + 0.98564736629*d + 360.0*(d-floor(d)) + 0.000387933*t*t - t*t*t/38710000.0;
  while (theta0<0.0)
    theta0 = theta0+360.0;
  while (theta0>360.0)
    theta0 = theta0-360.0;
  theta = theta0 + east;
  tau = theta - alpha;
  beta = pi*north/180.0;
  delta = pi*delta/180.0;
  tau = pi*tau/180.0;
  alt = asin(sin(beta)*sin(delta) + cos(beta)*cos(delta)*cos(tau));
  az = atan2(- sin(tau) , (cos(beta)*tan(delta) - sin(beta)*cos(tau)));
  *alti = 180.0*alt/pi;
  *azi = 180.0*az/pi-180.0;
  if (*azi<-180.0)
    *azi = *azi+360.0;
  if (*azi>180.0)
    *azi = *azi-360.0;
}

void setup()   {               
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()                    
{
  double y = 2011.0;
  double m = 12.0;
  double d = 30.0;
  double h = 9.0;
  double mins = 0.0;
  double north = 37.028176;
  double east = -7.931132;
 
  double azi, alti;
  char s[80]; 

  azialti(y, m, d, h, mins, north, east, &azi, &alti);
  Serial.print("Azimuth: ");
  FloatToString(azi, s, 5);
  Serial.println(s);
  Serial.print("Altitude: ");
  FloatToString(alti, s, 5);
  Serial.println(s);
  delay(10000);
}

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For more information, contact me at The University of The Algarve,